이 장에서 사용되는 다음 단어와 용어는 문맥상 달리 명시되지 않는 한 다음과 같은 의미를 갖습니다:

"1의료 대리인(" )이란, 선언자가 버지니아주 법전(Code of Virginia) 제 54 조 및 제2983 조에 따라 작성되거나 집행된 사전 지시서(advance directive)에 따라 지정된 성인을 의미하며, 해당 선언자를 대신하여 의료 결정을 내리기 위해 지정된 자를 말합니다.

"Alternate Durable DNR jewelry" means a Durable DNR bracelet or necklace issued by a vendor seller approved by the Virginia Office of Emergency Medical Services. A Durable DNR Order must be obtained by the patient, from a physician, to obtain Alternate Durable DNR jewelry.

"위원회" 는 주 보건위원회를 의미합니다.

"심정지" 는 기능적인 심장 박동의 중단을 의미합니다.

"커미셔너" 는 주 보건국장을 의미합니다.

"CPR" or cardiopulmonary resuscitation shall include cardiac compression, endotracheal intubation and other advanced airway management, artificial ventilation, defibrillation, administration of cardiac resuscitative medications, and related procedures.

"Durable Do Not Resuscitate Order" or "Durable DNR Order" means a written physician's order issued pursuant to § 54.1-2987.1 of the Code of Virginia, in a Durable Do Not Resuscitate Order form or forms authorized by the board , to withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation from an individual in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest. For purposes of this chapter, cardiopulmonary resuscitation shall include cardiac compression, endotracheal intubation and other advanced airway management, artificial ventilation, defibrillation, administration of cardiac resuscitative medications, and related procedures. As the terms "advance directive" and "Durable Do Not Resuscitate Order" are used in this article, For the purposes of this chapter, a Durable Do Not Resuscitate Order or other Other DNR Order is not and shall not be construed as an advance directive. When used in these regulations this chapter , the term "Durable DNR Order" shall include any authorized Alternate Durable DNR jewelry issued in conjunction with an original Durable DNR Order. "Durable DNR Order" shall also include a physician order for scope of treatment (POST) or physician orders for life sustaining treatment (POLST) form. Durable DNR orders Order Forms, including POST or POLST forms, shall be completed filled out and signed by a licensed practitioner physician and signed by the patient or patient's authorized representative.

"Emergency Medical Services medical services " or "EMS" means the services rendered by an agency licensed by the Virginia Office of Emergency Medical Services, an equivalent agency licensed by another state or a similar agency of the federal government when operating within this Commonwealth. shall have the same meaning as in § 32.1-111.1 of the Code of Virginia.

"Emergency medical services agency" or "EMS agency" means any agency, licensed to engage in the business, service, or regular activity, whether or not for profit, of transporting or rendering immediate medical care to such persons who are sick, injured, wounded, or otherwise incapacitated or helpless. shall have the same meaning as in § 32.1-111.1 of the Code of Virginia.

"Emergency medical services personnel" or “EMS personnel" shall have the same meaning as in § 32.1-111.1 of the Code of Virginia.

“Health care personnel" means any qualified emergency medical services personnel and any licensed health care practitioner functioning in any facility, program, or organization operated or licensed by the State Board of Health, the Department of Social Services, or the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services (DBHDS) or operated, licensed, or owned by another state agency, or a continuing care retirement community registered with the State Corporation Commission pursuant to Chapter 49 (§ 38.2-4900 et seq.) of Title 38.2.

"Incapable of making an informed decision" means the inability of an adult patient, because of mental illness, intellectual disability, or any other mental or physical disorder that precludes communication or impairs judgment, to make an informed decision about providing, withholding, or withdrawing a specific medical treatment or course of treatment because he is unable to understand the nature, extent, or probable consequences of the proposed medical decision, or to make a rational evaluation of the risks and benefits of alternatives to that decision. For purposes of this article, persons who are deaf or dysphasic or have other communication disorders but who are otherwise mentally competent and able to communicate by means other than speech, shall not be considered incapable of making an informed decision. The determination that the patient is "incapable of making an informed decision" shall be made in accordance with § 54.1-2983.2 of the Code of Virginia. shall have the same meaning as in § 54.1-2982 of the Code of Virginia.

"Office of EMS" or "OEMS" means the Virginia Office of Emergency Medical Services. The Virginia Office of Emergency Medical Services is a state office located within the Virginia Department of Health (VDH).

"Other Do Not Resuscitate Order" or "Other DNR Order" means a written physician's order not to resuscitate a patient in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest on a form other than the authorized state standardized Durable DNR Order Form , POST form, or POLST form under policies and procedures of the health care facility to which the individual who is the subject of the order has been admitted.

"Person authorized to consent on the patient's behalf" means any person authorized by law to consent on behalf of the a patient incapable of making an informed decision as defined by § 54.1-2982 or, in the case of a minor child, the parent or parents other legal guardian having custody of the child. or the child's legal guardian or as otherwise provided by law.

"의사"란 버지니아 주 또는 치료가 제공되거나 거부될 관할 지역에서 의학 행위를 수행할 수 있는 면허를 소지한 사람을 의미합니다.

"Qualified emergency medical services personnel" means personnel certified to practice as defined by § 32.1-111.1 of the Code of Virginia when acting within the scope of their certification.

"Qualified health care facility" means a facility, program, or organization operated or licensed by the State Board of Health , the Department of Social Services, or by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services (DBHDS) or operated, licensed, or owned by another state agency . and licensed health care practitioners at any continuing care retirement community registered with the State Corporation Commission pursuant to Chapter 49 (§ 38.2-4900 et seq.) of Title 38.2.

"Qualified health care personnel" means any qualified emergency medical services personnel and any licensed health care provider or practitioner functioning in any facility, program, or organization operated or licensed by the State Board of Health or by DBHDS or operated, licensed, or owned by another state agency.

"호흡 정지" 는 호흡의 중단을 의미합니다.

Section 54.1-2987.1 of the Code of Virginia vests authority for the regulation of Durable DNR Orders in the State Board of Health and directs the board to prescribe by regulation the procedures, including the requirements for forms to authorize qualified health care personnel to follow Durable DNR Orders. All EMS DNR Orders and all Durable Do Not Resuscitate Orders issued or in effect between July 1, 1999, and March 27, 2002, are to be considered valid Durable DNR Orders and shall remain valid until revoked.

The board has promulgated these regulations in order to carry out the intent of Virginia law that a person shall have the opportunity to execute a Durable DNR Order that comports with his wishes.

A. The Durable DNR Order Form shall be a standardized document as approved by the board and consistent with these regulations. The this chapter, including the following requirements and provisions shall apply to the approved Durable DNR Order Form. :

1. Content of the Form – B. A Durable DNR Order Form shall contain, from a physician with whom the patient has a bona fide physician/patient relationship, a do not resuscitate determination, signature and the date of issue, the signature of the patient or, if applicable, the person authorized to consent on the patient's behalf.

2. Effective Period for a Signed Durable DNR Order – C. A signed Durable DNR Order shall remain valid until revoked in accordance with § 54.1-2987.1 of the Code of Virginia and 12VAC5-66-80 E or until rescinded, in accordance with accepted medical practice, by the provider who issued the Durable Do Not Resuscitate Order.

3. Durable DNR Order Form D. A Durable DNR Order or Alternate Durable DNR jewelry that complies with 12VAC5-66-50 shall be valid for the purposes of withholding or withdrawing cardiopulmonary resuscitation by qualified health care personnel in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest.

4. Availability of the Durable DNR Order Form. The E. An original or a legible photocopy of the Durable DNR Order Form , POST Form, or POLST Form that complies with this section or Alternate Durable DNR jewelry that complies with 12VAC5-66-50 shall be maintained and readily available to qualified health care personnel at the patient's current location. or residence.

5. Qualified health care personnel may honor a legible photocopy of a Durable DNR Form or Other Durable DNR Order as if it were an original.

6. A patient who is traveling outside his home or between health care facilities should have an original or photocopied Durable DNR Order, Other Durable DNR Order, or Alternate Durable DNR jewelry accompany him.

7 . Distribution of Durable DNR Order Forms - The authorized Virginia Durable DNR Order Form shall be a standardized form available for download via the Internet from the Office of Emergency Medical Services website. The downloadable form will contain directions for completing the form and three identical Durable DNR Order Forms: one original form to be kept by the patient, the second to be placed in the patient's permanent medical record, and the third to be used by the patient for requesting Alternate Durable DNR jewelry. F. Three identical Durable DNR Order Forms shall be filled out and distributed as follows:

1. Copy one - to be kept by patient.

2. Copy two - to be kept in the patient's permanent record.

3. Copy three - to be used to order Alternate Durable DNR jewelry.

8. Hard copies of the Durable DNR Order Form shall also be made available to physicians or licensed health care facilities by the Office of EMS. The Office of EMS may utilize a vendor to print and distribute the Durable DNR Order Form and a nominal fee may be charged in an amount necessary to cover printing and shipping fees.

G. A Durable DNR Order or Other DNR Order may only be revoked in accordance with § 54.1-2987.1 D.

The board authorizes the use of Alternate Durable DNR jewelry in conjunction with the issuance of a Durable DNR Order. These Alternate Durable DNR jewelry items shall be uniquely-designed and uniquely-identifiable bracelets and necklaces that are available only from a vendor approved by the Virginia Department of Health, Office of EMS. The Alternate Durable DNR jewelry must be purchased from the approved vendor by the person to whom a Durable DNR Order Form applies, or the person authorized to consent on the patient's behalf. An original Durable DNR Order Form must be obtained from a physician and provided to the vendor in order to receive Alternate Durable DNR jewelry. Such a necklace or bracelet may be utilized either to validate the Durable DNR Order Form or in place of an original Durable DNR Order Form in the event that the original order is not readily available at the site where the person to whom the order applies is found. In order to be honored by qualified health care personnel in place of the standard Durable DNR Order Form, the Alternate Durable DNR jewelry must contain the minimum information approved by the State Board of Health in 12VAC5-66-60.

A. Alternate Durable DNR jewelry shall be uniquely-designed , uniquely-identifiable, and available only from a seller approved by the Office of EMS.

비. Only the patient to whom a Durable DNR Order Form applies, or the person authorized to consent on the patient’s behalf, may purchase Alternate Durable DNR jewelry.

C. The person to whom a Durable DNR Order Form applies or the person authorized to consent on the patient's behalf shall present the Durable DNR Order to the approved seller for purchase of approved Alternate Durable DNR jewelry.

D. The jewelry shall display the following information:

1. 다음 단어: 심폐소생술 금지;

2. The patient's full legal name;

3. 의사의 이름과 전화번호; 및

4. Virginia 주 영구적 DNR 발급일.

A. Nothing in these regulations shall be construed to preclude licensed health care practitioners from following any Other Do Not Resuscitate Order in accordance with the applicable policies and procedures of the health care facility in which they practice.

B. Qualified health Health care personnel are authorized to shall honor any an Other Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Order as if it were a Durable Do Not Resuscitate Order when if the Other DNR Order includes the information required in 12VAC5-66-40 and the patient is currently admitted to a hospital or other or in transit from a qualified health care facility or is in transit from a qualified health care facility provided that such order includes the same information as listed in subdivision 1 of 12VAC5-66-40, except that an Other DNR Order shall not be required to include the signature of the patient or a person authorized to consent for the patient on the order itself.

C. Nothing in these regulations this chapter shall prohibit qualified health care personnel from following any a direct verbal order issued by a licensed physician not to resuscitate a patient in cardiac or respiratory arrest when such the physician is physically present.

A. A Durable DNR Order may be issued to a patient by a physician, with whom the patient has established a bona fide physician/patient relationship, as defined by the Board of Medicine in their current guidelines, only with the consent of the patient or, if the patient is a minor or is otherwise incapable of making an informed decision regarding consent for such an order, upon the request of and with the consent of the person authorized to consent on the patient's behalf.

B. 승인된 영구적 DNR 양식(Durable DNR Order Form)의 사용을 권장합니다. 이는 의료 서비스의 전 과정에서 일관성을 유지하기 위함입니다.

C. The authorized Durable DNR Order can be honored by qualified health care personnel in any setting.

D. Qualified health care personnel are authorized to honor only a Durable DNR Order on an authorized form or Alternate DNR jewelry, except as provided in 12VAC5-66-60 of these regulations.

E. Prior to issuing a Durable DNR Order, the physician shall explain to the patient or the person authorized to consent on the patient's behalf, the alternatives available for response in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest. If the option of a Durable DNR Order is agreed upon, the physician shall have the following responsibilities:

1. Explain the circumstances under which qualified health care personnel may follow a Durable DNR Order.

2. 지속적 DNR 명령을 취소하는 방법과 누가 취소할 수 있는지 설명하십시오.

3. 환자의 법적 성명을 완전히 기록하십시오.

4. Document the execution date of the Durable DNR Order.

5. Obtain the signature of the patient or the person authorized to consent on the patient's behalf on all three forms: the patient's copy, medical record copy, and the copy used for obtaining Alternate DNR jewelry.

6. Make sure that the issuing physician's name is clearly printed and the form is signed.

7. Record the contact telephone number for the issuing physician.

8. Issue the original Durable DNR Order Form, and the patient and Alternate DNR jewelry copies to the patient and maintain the medical record copy in the patient's medical file.

F. The person to whom a Durable DNR Order applies or the person authorized to consent on the patient's behalf must present the following information to the approved vendor in order to purchase and be issued an approved Alternate Durable DNR necklace or bracelet. The necklace or bracelet must contain the following information:

1. 다음 단어: 심폐소생술 금지;

2. The patient's full legal name;

3. 의사의 이름과 전화번호; 및

4. Virginia 주 영구적 DNR 발급일.

A. Qualified health Health care personnel shall comply with the following general procedures and published Virginia Durable DNR Order Implementation Protocols follow the procedures in this section when caring for a patient who is in cardiac or respiratory arrest and who is known or suspected to may have a Durable DNR Order in effect.

B. Initial assessment and intervention. Perform Health care personnel shall initiate routine patient assessment and resuscitation or intervention until a valid Durable DNR Order , Alternate DNR jewelry, or Other DNR Order can be confirmed , as follows: .

1. Determine the presence of a Durable DNR Order, approved Alternate Durable DNR jewelry, ; or Other DNR Order.

2. If the patient is within a qualified health care facility or in transit between qualified health care facilities, any qualified health care personnel may honor an Other DNR Order as set forth in 12VAC5-66-60.

3. Determine that the Durable DNR form or Alternate DNR jewelry is not altered.

4. Verify, through driver's license or other identification with photograph and signature or by positive identification by a family member or other person who knows the patient, that the patient in question is the one for whom the Durable DNR Order, Alternate DNR jewelry, or Other DNR Order was issued.

5. If the Durable DNR Order, Alternate DNR jewelry, or Other DNR Order is intact, unaltered, and verified as issued for the patient, qualified health care personnel may consider it valid.

C. Health care personnel may withhold or terminate resuscitation efforts only when:

1. An intact, unaltered original or photocopy of the Durable DNR Order Form, POST Form, or POLST Form, approved Alternate Durable DNR jewelry or Other DNR Order is located; and

2. The patient for whom the Durable DNR Order or Other DNR Order was issued is verified by identification with a photograph and signature or by positive identification by a family member or other person who knows the patient.

D. If the Durable DNR Order or Other DNR Order is intact, unaltered, and verified as issued for the patient, health care personnel may consider it valid.

C. Resuscitative measures to be withheld or withdrawn. E. In the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest of a patient with a valid Durable DNR Order , Alternate Durable DNR jewelry, or Other DNR Order under the criteria set forth in subsection B of this section, qualified health care personnel shall withhold or withdraw cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) unless otherwise directed by a physician physically present at the patient patient's location. CPR shall include:

1. Cardiac compression;

2. Artificial ventilation;

3. Defibrillation;

4. Endotracheal Intubation or other advanced airway management, including supra-glottic devices such as the LMA, or other airway devices that pass beyond the oral pharynx, such as the Combi Tube, PTL etc.; or

5. Administration of related procedures or cardiac resuscitation medications as prescribed by the patient's physician or medical protocols.

D. Procedures to provide comfort care or to alleviate pain. In order to provide comfort care or to alleviate pain for a patient with a valid Durable DNR Order of any type or Other DNR Order the following interventions may be provided, depending on the needs of the particular patient:

F. Health care personnel may provide the following interventions to a patient with a valid Durable DNR Order or Other DNR Order to provide comfort care or to alleviate pain.

1. Airway management, including positioning, nasal or pharyngeal airway placement;

2. 흡입;

3. 보조 산소 공급 장치;

4. 진통제 또는 정맥 내 수액;

5. 출혈 억제;

6. 환자 위치 조정; 또는

7. 편안한 돌봄을 제공하거나 통증을 완화하기 위해 필요하다고 판단되는 기타 치료법.

E. 취소.

1. If a patient is able to, and does, express to a health care provider or practitioner the desire to be resuscitated in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest, such expression shall revoke the provider's or practitioner's authority to follow a Durable DNR Order or Other DNR Order. In no case shall any person other than the patient have authority to revoke a Durable DNR Order or Other DNR Order executed upon the request of and with the consent of the patient himself.

If the patient is a minor or is otherwise incapable of making an informed decision and the Durable DNR Order or Other DNR Order was issued upon the request and with the consent of the person authorized to consent on the patient's behalf, then the expression by said person to a health care provider or practitioner of the desire that the patient be resuscitated shall so revoke the provider's or practitioner's authority to follow a Durable DNR Order or Other DNR Order.

2. 심장 또는 호흡 정지 전에 부활을 원하는 의사를 표현하는 것은 해당 명령의 철회로 간주됩니다. 그러나 환자의 동의 또는 환자를 대신하여 동의할 권한이 있는 사람의 동의가 있는 경우 새로운 명령이 발급될 수 있습니다.

3. 이 조항의 규정은 심장 또는 호흡 정지 시 환자를 치료 중인 자격을 갖춘 응급 의료 서비스 인력 또는 면허를 소지한 의료 제공자 또는 의료 종사자가, 해당 제공자 또는 의료 종사자가 환자가 정보에 기반한 결정을 내릴 수 없는 상태에서 해당 조치를 취하는 것이 환자의 반대임을 알고 있는 경우, 치료를 제공하거나 계속하거나 중단하거나 철회하는 것을 허용하지 아니한다. 누구도 이 조항에 따라 치료를 제공하거나 계속하거나 중단하거나 철회하는 것을 승인해서는 안 되며, 해당 사람이 알고 있거나 합리적인 조사를 통해 알 수 있었음에도 불구하고, 해당 환자가 정보에 기반한 결정을 내릴 수 없는 경우 그 환자의 종교적 신념이나 기본 가치관에 반하거나, 해당 환자가 정보에 기반한 결정을 내릴 수 있었던 시점에 공정하게 표현된 환자의 의사에 반하는 경우에 해당합니다.

F. Documentation. When 지. If following a Durable DNR Order or Other DNR Order for a particular patient admitted to a qualified health care facility, qualified health care personnel shall document care rendered or withheld as required by facility policies and procedures. When If following a Durable DNR Order or Other DNR Order for a particular patient who is not admitted to a qualified health care facility or who is in transit from a health care facility, qualified health care personnel shall document in the patient's medical record the care rendered or withheld in the following manner:

1. 표준 환자 진료 보고서를 사용하십시오 (예: 환자 차트, 현장 응급 처치 보고서).

2 . 1. Describe assessment of the patient's cardiac or respiratory arrest status . ;

3 . 2. Document which identification ( e.g., Durable DNR Order Form, Alternate Durable DNR jewelry, or Other DNR Order , or alternate form of identification) was used to confirm Durable DNR status and that it was intact, not altered, not canceled or and not officially revoked. ; and

4 . 3. Record the name of the patient's physician who issued the Durable DNR Order, or Other DNR Order.

5. If the patient is being transported, keep the Durable DNR Order, Alternate Durable DNR jewelry, or Other DNR Order with the patient.

G. General considerations. The following general principles shall apply to implementation of all Durable DNR Orders.

1. If there is misunderstanding with family members or others present at the patient's location or if there are other concerns about following the Durable DNR Order or Other DNR Order, contact the patient's physician or EMS medical control for guidance.

2. If there is any question about the validity of a Durable DNR Order, resuscitative measures should be administered until the validity of the Durable DNR Order or Other DNR Order is established.

H. If the patient is being transported, the Durable DNR Order or Other DNR Order shall remain with the patient.

I. If the patient's family or others present at the patient's location contest the Durable DNR Order or Other DNR Order, EMS personnel shall contact the patient's physician or EMS medical control for guidance.

J. If there is any question about the validity of a Durable DNR Order or Other DNR Order, resuscitative measures shall be administered until the validity of the Durable DNR Order or Other DNR Order is confirmed.